Musicoterapia: la valorizzazione del non verbale per stimolare le funzioni cognitive e ridurre i disturbi comportamentali
Attraverso la musica si vuole valorizzare il “non verbale” delle emozioni per stimolare la comunicazione.Il canto di brani familiari e del passato possono rievocare momenti di vita trascorsi e il ricordo viene stimolato associando le canzoni all’esperienza personale.
Con la musica si vuole inoltre rilassare il soggetto e alleggerirlo dallo stress.
La musicoterapia può:
- essere svolta a livello individuale, per ridurre alcuni disturbi comportamentali e per stimolare le funzioni cognitive
- essere di tipo ambientale, per stimolare l’orientamento temporale dei pazienti (ad esempio quando scelgo di far ascoltare musica in determinati momenti della giornata, come al mattino, mezzogiorno e sera, per scandire lo scorrere del tempo durante il giorno)
- oppure si può parlare di musicoterapia recettiva, utilizzata con specifici pazienti, ad esempio per placare particolari stati di agitazione, e che consiste nel far ascoltare quotidianamente della musica tramite cuffie apposite.
Alcuni riferimenti importanti:
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- Chu H, Yang CY, Lin Y, Ou KL, Lee TY, O’Brien AP, Chou KR. (2014). The impact of group music therapy on depression and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: a randomized controlled study. Biological research for Nursing, 16(2), 209-217.
- Craig J. (2014). Music therapy to reduce agitation in dementia. Nursing times, 110(32-33), 12-15.
- de la Rubia Ortí JE, García-Pardo MP, Iranzo CC, Madrigal JJC, Castillo SS, Rochina MJ, Gascó VJP. (2018). Does Music Therapy Improve Anxiety and Depression in Alzheimer’s Patients?. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 24(1), 33-36.
- Fang, R., Ye, S., Huangfu, J., & Calimag, D. P. (2017). Music therapy is a potential intervention for cognition of Alzheimer’s Disease: a mini-review. Translational neurodegeneration, 6(1), 2.
Fusar-Poli L, Bieleninik Ł, Brondino N, Chen XJ, Gold C. (2017). The effect of music therapy on cognitive functions in patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging & mental health, 1-10. - Gallego MG, García JG. (2017). Music therapy and Alzheimer’s disease: Cognitive, psychological, and behavioural effects. Neurología (English Edition), 32(5), 300-308.
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- Jacobsen JH, Stelzer J, Fritz TH, Chételat G, La Joie R, Turner R. (2015). Why musical memory can be preserved in advanced Alzheimer’s disease. Brain, 138(8), 2438-2450.
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- Pedersen SK, Andersen PN, Lugo RG, Andreassen M, Sütterlin S. (2017). Effects of Music on Agitation in Dementia: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 742.
- Tsoi KK, Chan JY, Ng YM, Lee MM, Kwok TC, Wong SY. (2018). Receptive Music Therapy Is More Effective than Interactive Music Therapy to Relieve Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.
- Ueda T, Suzukamo Y, Sato M, Izumi SI. (2013). Effects of music therapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing research reviews, 12(2), 628-641.
- Van der Steen JT, van Soest‐Poortvliet MC, van der Wouden JC, Bruinsma MS, Scholten RJ, Vink AC. (2017). Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. The Cochrane Library.
- Villani D, Raglio A. (2004). Musicoterapia e demenza. G GERONTOL, 52, 423-428.